Hydraulic cone crushers are divided into single-cylinder and multi-cylinder types. The single-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is a standardized product in China. The structure diagram of the single-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is shown in Figure 1. The multi-cylinder type is less commonly used, as shown in Figure 2.
1. Structure of the Hydraulic Cone Crusher
The main structure of the machine includes the upper frame, which is the fixed outer cone with a manganese steel liner fixed on its inner surface, and the lower frame, which is cast integrally with the sleeve and the horizontal drive shaft sleeve. The upper and lower frames are fixed together by bolts. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed by bolts below the eccentric shaft sleeve. A movable inner cone is fixed on the vertical shaft, and its outer surface is equipped with a manganese steel plate. The lower part of the vertical shaft is inserted into the eccentric hole of the eccentric sleeve and supported on the piston of the hydraulic cylinder. Transmission system: The motor drives the horizontal transmission shaft through a pulley to provide power. The small bevel gear installed on the head of the transmission shaft meshes with the large bevel gear on the moving cone to drive the moving cone (eccentric sleeve) to rotate and crush the ore by friction.
2. The Lubrication System of the Crusher is Divided into Two Parts
2.1 Hydraulic System: Generally, HM46 anti-wear hydraulic oil is used for the hydraulic system. The high-pressure oil pump of the hydraulic station delivers hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinder to supply oil for its operation. In single-cylinder hydraulic crushers, the hydraulic cylinder is located at the bottom of the crusher's main shaft, supporting it. In multi-cylinder hydraulic crushers, the hydraulic cylinders installed externally on the cone crusher provide pressure to control the crusher's feed and discharge size. The adjustment of the discharge opening can be achieved by adjusting the oil pressure to raise or lower the piston, thereby causing the movable inner cone to rise or fall to adjust the discharge opening.
2.2 Lubrication System: The oil used in the lubrication system is CKD320. The lubrication station uses a low-pressure pump to supply gear oil to provide lubrication for the moving cone eccentric sleeve and the main shaft, as well as between the bottom of the main shaft and the sliding disk of the hydraulic cylinder.
2.3 Causes of High Oil Temperature: Both the hydraulic and lubrication systems mentioned above are highly susceptible to contact with crushed powder material, which can enter the oil, contaminating the hydraulic oil and gear oil. This leads to wear inside the hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic valves, and eccentric sleeves, manifested as temperature increase and oil leakage.
3. Oil Purification Measures for the Hydraulic and Lubrication Systems
3.1 Working Principle of the Hydraulic System
The working principle of the hydraulic system: The motor drives the high-pressure oil pump to convert mechanical energy into the pressure energy of the liquid. The oil then passes through the filter, relief valve, flow control valve, directional control valve, etc., and enters the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder then converts the liquid pressure energy back into the mechanical energy of reciprocating motion, thereby pushing the piston movement and operating the working components to achieve the working cycle of reciprocating motion. The oil path flows from the hydraulic station pump outputting high-pressure oil, passing through the system filter, various valves, the accumulator, and being delivered to the hydraulic cylinder to maintain a certain pressure or adjust the pressure according to work requirements, as shown in Figure 3.
3.2 Oil Contamination
As the hydraulic cylinder is installed below the crusher's main shaft in a high-dust environment, dust can easily enter the hydraulic system through seals and return to the hydraulic station with the return oil. Dust can also enter the hydraulic station tank through the breather. Large particles settle, while small particles remain suspended in the hydraulic oil and recirculate back into the hydraulic system with the pump operation, causing wear to valves and hydraulic cylinders. Wear of valve plates in the valves causes internal leakage, leading to internal oil circulation and high temperatures. A large number of contaminant particles entering the hydraulic cylinder with the oil cause wear to the piston, piston rings, and seals, reducing work efficiency and the service life of the hydraulic cylinder, and failing to meet working pressure requirements.
3.3 Oil Purification Measures for the Hydraulic System
Lubrication Solution 1: Equip the hydraulic system with a precision filtration system, requiring the hydraulic oil cleanliness to be maintained at NAS Level 7. Effects after modification: The replacement cycle for hydraulic system spare parts is extended by 3-5 times; the failure rate is reduced by 80-90%; the oil change cycle is extended by 3 times.
Lubrication Solution 2: Equip the lubrication system with an oil purification device to control contaminant particles larger than 50μm in the oil. Effects after modification: The replacement cycle for lubrication system spare parts is extended by 3-5 times; the failure rate is reduced by 50-70%; the oil change cycle is extended by 3 times.
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2025-10-17